本节引言:

本节给大家带来基础UI控件部分的最后一个控件:DrawerLayout,官方给我们提供的一个侧滑菜单 控件,和上一节的ViewPager一样,3.0以后引入,低版本使用它,需要v4兼容包,说到侧滑,相信 很多人都用过github上的SlidingMenu,不过好像有两个版本,一个是单独的,另一个需要依赖另一 个开源项目:ActionBarSherlock;既然Google为我们提供了这个控件,为何不用咧,而且在 Material Design设计规范中,随处可见的很多侧滑菜单的动画效果,大都可以通过Toolbar + DrawerLayout来实现~,本节我们就来探究下这个DrawerLayout的一个基本用法~还有人喜欢把他 称为抽屉控件~官方文档:DrawerLayout


1.使用的注意事项

  • 1.主内容视图一定要是DrawerLayout的第一个子视图
  • 2.主内容视图宽度和高度需要match_parent
  • 3.必须显示指定侧滑视图的android:layout_gravity属性 android:layout_gravity = "start"时,从左向右滑出菜单 android:layout_gravity = "end"时,从右向左滑出菜单 不推荐使用left和right!!!
  • 侧滑视图的宽度以dp为单位,不建议超过320dp(为了总能看到一些主内容视图)
  • 设置侧滑事件:mDrawerLayout.setDrawerListener(DrawerLayout.DrawerListener);
  • 要说一点:可以结合Actionbar使用当用户点击Actionbar上的应用图标,弹出侧滑菜单! 这里就要通过ActionBarDrawerToggle,它是DrawerLayout.DrawerListener的具体实现类, 我们可以重写ActionBarDrawerToggle的onDrawerOpened()和onDrawerClosed()以监听抽屉拉出 或隐藏事件!但是这里我们不讲,因为5.0后我们使用的是Toolbar!有兴趣的可以自行查阅相关 文档!

2.使用代码示例


示例1:单个侧滑菜单的实现

运行效果图

实现关键代码

首先是我们的主布局,注意:最外层要是DrawerLayout哦!!!!

activity_main.xml


<android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

    android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"

    android:layout_width="match_parent"

    android:layout_height="match_parent">



    <FrameLayout

        android:id="@+id/ly_content"

        android:layout_width="match_parent"

        android:layout_height="match_parent" />



    <ListView

        android:id="@+id/list_left_drawer"

        android:layout_width="180dp"

        android:layout_height="match_parent"

        android:layout_gravity="start"

        android:background="#080808"

        android:choiceMode="singleChoice"

        android:divider="#FFFFFF"

        android:dividerHeight="1dp" />



</android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>

接着ListView的布局代码和domain类:Item比较简单,就不给出了,直接上中间Fragment的 布局以及代码吧!另外Adapter直接复用我们之前写的那个可复用的MyAdapter!

fg_content.xml


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

    android:layout_width="match_parent"

    android:layout_height="match_parent"

    android:orientation="vertical">



    <TextView

        android:id="@+id/tv_content"

        android:layout_width="wrap_content"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        android:layout_centerInParent="true"

        android:textSize="25sp" />



</RelativeLayout>

ContentFragment.java


/**

 * Created by Jay on 2015/10/8 0008.

 */

public class ContentFragment extends Fragment {



    private TextView tv_content;



    @Override

    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fg_content, container, false);

        tv_content = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_content);

        String text = getArguments().getString("text");

        tv_content.setText(text);

        return view;

    }

}   

最后是我们的Activity类

MainActivity.java


public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements AdapterView.OnItemClickListener{



    private DrawerLayout drawer_layout;

    private ListView list_left_drawer;

    private ArrayList<Item> menuLists;

    private MyAdapter<Item> myAdapter = null;





    @Override

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);



        drawer_layout = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);

        list_left_drawer = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_left_drawer);



        menuLists = new ArrayList<Item>();

        menuLists.add(new Item(R.mipmap.iv_menu_realtime,"实时信息"));

        menuLists.add(new Item(R.mipmap.iv_menu_alert,"提醒通知"));

        menuLists.add(new Item(R.mipmap.iv_menu_trace,"活动路线"));

        menuLists.add(new Item(R.mipmap.iv_menu_settings,"相关设置"));

        myAdapter = new MyAdapter<Item>(menuLists,R.layout.item_list) {

            @Override

            public void bindView(ViewHolder holder, Item obj) {

                holder.setImageResource(R.id.img_icon,obj.getIconId());

                holder.setText(R.id.txt_content, obj.getIconName());

            }

        };

        list_left_drawer.setAdapter(myAdapter);

        list_left_drawer.setOnItemClickListener(this);

    }





    @Override

    public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {

        ContentFragment contentFragment = new ContentFragment();

        Bundle args = new Bundle();

        args.putString("text", menuLists.get(position).getIconName());

        contentFragment.setArguments(args);

        FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();

        fm.beginTransaction().replace(R.id.ly_content,contentFragment).commit();

        drawer_layout.closeDrawer(list_left_drawer);

    }

}

代码很简单,就不多说了~


示例2.左右两个侧滑菜单的实现

嗯,不知道你有没有发现,从上面的DrawerLayout的布局,我们大概可以猜到,DrawerLayout 最多由三个部分组成,中间的内容部分,左边的侧滑菜单部分,右边的侧滑菜单部分组成! 下面我们来写一个带有两个侧滑菜单的示例!

运行效果图

代码实现

首先我们创建两个Fragment以及对应的布局,他们分别是左右侧滑菜单!

左边Fragment

布局:fg_left.xml,这里就用了一个图片而以,点击后弹出一个新的Activity; 当然你可以根据自己的需求进行扩展!


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

    android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"

    android:layout_height="match_parent">



    <ImageView

        android:id="@+id/img_bg"

        android:layout_width="match_parent"

        android:layout_height="match_parent"

        android:background="@mipmap/bg_menu_left"/>



</LinearLayout>

对应的LeftFragment.java


/**

 * Created by Jay on 2015/10/9 0009.

 */

public class LeftFragment extends Fragment{



    private DrawerLayout drawer_layout;



    @Override

    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fg_left, container, false);

        ImageView img_bg = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.img_bg);

        img_bg.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

            @Override

            public void onClick(View v) {

                getActivity().startActivity(new Intent(getActivity(),OtherActivity.class));

                drawer_layout.closeDrawer(Gravity.START);

            }

        });

        return view;

    }



    //暴露给Activity,用于传入DrawerLayout,因为点击后想关掉DrawerLayout

    public void setDrawerLayout(DrawerLayout drawer_layout){

        this.drawer_layout = drawer_layout;

    }

}

右面的Fragment

布局就三个按钮,点击后替换中间部分的Fragment,布局fg_right.xml代码如下:


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

    android:layout_width="match_parent"

    android:layout_height="match_parent"

    android:background="#2F9AF2"

    android:gravity="center"

    android:orientation="vertical">



    <Button

        android:id="@+id/btn_one"

        android:layout_width="wrap_content"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        android:text="菜单项一" />



    <Button

        android:id="@+id/btn_two"

        android:layout_width="wrap_content"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        android:text="菜单项二" />



    <Button

        android:id="@+id/btn_three"

        android:layout_width="wrap_content"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        android:text="菜单项三" />



</LinearLayout>

然后对应的是RightFragment.java


/**

 * Created by Jay on 2015/10/9 0009.

 */

public class RightFragment extends Fragment implements View.OnClickListener{



    private DrawerLayout drawer_layout;

    private FragmentManager fManager;



    @Override

    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fg_right, container, false);

        view.findViewById(R.id.btn_one).setOnClickListener(this);

        view.findViewById(R.id.btn_two).setOnClickListener(this);

        view.findViewById(R.id.btn_three).setOnClickListener(this);

        fManager = getActivity().getSupportFragmentManager();

        return view;

    }



    @Override

    public void onClick(View v) {

        switch (v.getId()){

            case R.id.btn_one:

                ContentFragment cFragment1 = new ContentFragment("1.点击了右侧菜单项一",R.color.blue);

                fManager.beginTransaction().replace(R.id.fly_content,cFragment1).commit();

                drawer_layout.closeDrawer(Gravity.END);

                break;

            case R.id.btn_two:

                ContentFragment cFragment2 = new ContentFragment("2.点击了右侧菜单项二",R.color.red);

                fManager.beginTransaction().replace(R.id.fly_content,cFragment2).commit();

                drawer_layout.closeDrawer(Gravity.END);

                break;

            case R.id.btn_three:

                ContentFragment cFragment3 = new ContentFragment("3.点击了右侧菜单项三",R.color.yellow);

                fManager.beginTransaction().replace(R.id.fly_content,cFragment3).commit();

                drawer_layout.closeDrawer(Gravity.END);

                break;

        }

    }



    public void setDrawerLayout(DrawerLayout drawer_layout){

        this.drawer_layout = drawer_layout;

    }



}

另外还有一个中间部分填充的ContentFragment,布局:fg_content.xml如下:


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

    android:layout_width="match_parent"

    android:layout_height="match_parent"

    android:orientation="vertical">



    <TextView

        android:id="@+id/tv_content"

        android:layout_width="wrap_content"

        android:layout_height="wrap_content"

        android:layout_centerInParent="true"

        android:textSize="25sp" />



</RelativeLayout>

ContentFragment.java


public class ContentFragment extends Fragment {



    private TextView tv_content;

    private String strContent;

    private int bgColor;



    public ContentFragment(String strContent,int bgColor) {

        this.strContent = strContent;

        this.bgColor = bgColor;

    }



    @Override

    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fg_content, container, false);

        view.setBackgroundColor(getResources().getColor(bgColor));

        tv_content = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_content);

        tv_content.setText(strContent);

        return view;

    }

}

编写好以后,就到我们的Activity的布局了以及Activity的代码了: 在此之前我们还需要些一个顶部条形栏的布局:

view_topbar.xml


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

    android:layout_width="match_parent"

    android:layout_height="wrap_content"

    android:background="#DCDEDB">



    <Button

        android:id="@+id/btn_right"

        android:layout_width="40dp"

        android:layout_height="40dp"

        android:layout_centerVertical="true"

        android:layout_alignParentRight="true"

        android:background="@drawable/btn_selctor"/>



</RelativeLayout>

然后是activity_main.xml


<android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"

    android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"

    android:layout_width="match_parent"

    android:layout_height="match_parent">



    <LinearLayout

        android:layout_width="match_parent"

        android:layout_height="match_parent"

        android:orientation="vertical">



        <include

            android:id="@+id/topbar"

            layout="@layout/view_topbar"

            android:layout_width="wrap_content"

            android:layout_height="48dp" />



        <FrameLayout

            android:id="@+id/fly_content"

            android:layout_width="match_parent"

            android:layout_height="match_parent" />



    </LinearLayout>



    <fragment

        android:id="@+id/fg_left_menu"

        android:name="jay.com.drawerlayoutdemo2.LeftFragment"

        android:layout_width="300dp"

        android:layout_height="match_parent"

        android:layout_gravity="start"

        android:tag="LEFT"

        tools:layout="@layout/fg_left" />



    <fragment

        android:id="@+id/fg_right_menu"

        android:name="jay.com.drawerlayoutdemo2.RightFragment"

        android:layout_width="100dp"

        android:layout_height="match_parent"

        android:layout_gravity="end"

        android:tag="RIGHT"

        tools:layout="@layout/fg_right" />



</android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>  

最后是MainActivity.java


public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {



    private DrawerLayout drawer_layout;

    private FrameLayout fly_content;

    private View topbar;

    private Button btn_right;

    private RightFragment fg_right_menu;

    private LeftFragment fg_left_menu;

    private FragmentManager fManager;



    @Override

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        fManager = getSupportFragmentManager();

        fg_right_menu = (RightFragment) fManager.findFragmentById(R.id.fg_right_menu);

        fg_left_menu = (LeftFragment) fManager.findFragmentById(R.id.fg_left_menu);

        initViews();

    }



    private void initViews() {

        drawer_layout = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);

        fly_content = (FrameLayout) findViewById(R.id.fly_content);

        topbar = findViewById(R.id.topbar);

        btn_right = (Button) topbar.findViewById(R.id.btn_right);

        btn_right.setOnClickListener(this);



        //设置右面的侧滑菜单只能通过编程来打开

        drawer_layout.setDrawerLockMode(DrawerLayout.LOCK_MODE_LOCKED_CLOSED,

                Gravity.END);



        drawer_layout.setDrawerListener(new DrawerLayout.DrawerListener() {

            @Override

            public void onDrawerSlide(View view, float v) {



            }



            @Override

            public void onDrawerOpened(View view) {



            }



            @Override

            public void onDrawerClosed(View view) {

                drawer_layout.setDrawerLockMode(

                        DrawerLayout.LOCK_MODE_LOCKED_CLOSED, Gravity.END);

            }



            @Override

            public void onDrawerStateChanged(int i) {



            }

        });



        fg_right_menu.setDrawerLayout(drawer_layout);

        fg_left_menu.setDrawerLayout(drawer_layout);

    }



    @Override

    public void onClick(View v) {

        drawer_layout.openDrawer(Gravity.RIGHT);

        drawer_layout.setDrawerLockMode(DrawerLayout.LOCK_MODE_UNLOCKED,

                Gravity.END);    //解除锁定

    }

}


好的,至此就大功告成了~,呼呼,下面说下看代码时可能会有的疑惑:

  • 1. drawer_layout.openDrawer(Gravity.END);
    这句是设置打开的哪个菜单START代表左边,END代表右边
  • 2. drawer_layout.setDrawerLockMode(DrawerLayout.LOCK_MODE_LOCKED_CLOSED,Gravity.END); 锁定右面的侧滑菜单,不能通过手势关闭或者打开,只能通过代码打开!即调用openDrawer方法! 接着 drawer_layout.setDrawerLockMode(DrawerLayout.LOCK_MODE_UNLOCKED,Gravity.END); 解除锁定状态,即可以通过手势关闭侧滑菜单 最后在drawer关闭的时候调用: drawer_layout.setDrawerLockMode(DrawerLayout.LOCK_MODE_LOCKED_CLOSED, Gravity.END); 再次锁定右边的侧滑菜单!
  • 3. 布局代码中的Tag属性的作用? 答:这里没用到,在重写DrawerListener的onDrawerSlide方法时,我们可以通过他的第一个 参数drawerView,调用drawerView.getTag().equals("START")判断触发菜单事件的是哪个 菜单!然后可以进行对应的操作!

3.代码示例下载

DrawerLayoutDemo.zip

DrawerLayoutDemo2.zip


本节小结:

好的,本节给大家介绍了官方的侧滑控件DrawerLayout的基本用法,使用起来非常的方便! 当然这里仅仅是简单的使用演示,另外看到弘扬大神写过一篇: Android DrawerLayout 高仿QQ5.2双向侧滑菜单 有兴趣可以看看,如果看完本节的内容,相信你看起来不会怎么吃力~好的!

本节就到这里,跟UI控件这一章说拜拜了~下一章我们开始绘图与动画了, 为我们进阶部分的自定义控件系列打基础!